Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its moisture-producing glands, particularly the salivary glands and tear glands. This chronic condition primarily causes dryness in the eyes and mouth, leading to symptoms like dry eyes, dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing.
However, it can also affect other body parts, leading to joint pain, dry skin, fatigue, and organ problems like the kidneys, lungs, or liver. Sjögren’s syndrome can occur alone (primary Sjögren’s syndrome) or alongside other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome).
While there’s no cure for Sjögren’s syndrome, treatments focus on managing symptoms to improve the quality of life. This might include artificial tears for dry eyes, saliva substitutes for dry mouth, medications to reduce inflammation, and in some cases, immune-suppressing drugs to control the immune system’s response.
Saliva Substitutes: These are artificial saliva products available as sprays, gels, or lozenges. They mimic the composition and function of natural saliva, providing lubrication and moisture to the mouth.
Salivary Stimulants: Medications or products like sugar-free gums and candies can help stimulate saliva production, providing temporary relief from dry mouth.
Prescription Medications: Certain medications like pilocarpine and cevimeline may be prescribed to stimulate saliva production by activating specific receptors in the salivary glands.
Good Oral Hygiene: Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is crucial to prevent dental issues with dry mouth, such as tooth decay and gum disease.
Dietary Adjustments: Drinking plenty of higher pH water, avoiding caffeinated or alcoholic beverages that can worsen dryness, and opting for moist or soft foods can help manage oral discomfort.
Humidifiers: Using a humidifier at night can help keep the air moist, reducing oral dryness and discomfort, especially during sleep.
Regular Dental Visits: Routine dental check-ups are crucial for detecting and managing dental issues associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.